By activating GLP-1 receptors in the brain, these drugs reduce feelings of hunger and increase satiety (the feeling of fullness), leading to reduced food intake.
GLP-1 drugs slow the emptying of food from the stomach into the small intestine, which leads to prolonged feelings of fullness and helps reduce overall food consumption.
Improvement in glucose regulation can reduce cravings, especially for high-carbohydrate foods, and support better energy balance.
Because of the combined effects of appetite suppression, reduced hunger, and delayed gastric emptying, people taking GLP-1 drugs often find it easier to eat less without feeling deprived.
GLP-1 receptors are also present in the brain's reward pathways. Some research suggests that GLP-1 receptor activation may reduce the brain’s reward response to high-calorie, palatable foods, which could help curb cravings for unhealthy, calorie-dense foods.
Some studies suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists may reduce the accumulation of fat in the liver and improve fat distribution, leading to a more favorable body composition.
In summary, GLP-1 drugs promote weight loss primarily by reducing appetite, increasing feelings of fullness, slowing gastric emptying, and improving glucose regulation, all of which help reduce caloric intake and improve energy balance.
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